1.4.36 - 1.4.37 - 1.4.44 DC Series, Parallel & Combination Circuit
DC Series, Parallel & Combination Circuit
DC Series
Circuit: If
more than one resistor are connected one by one like a chain and if the current
has only one path is called as series circuit.
The total resistance in a series
circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances around the series
circuit. R = R1+ R2+ R3+.......Rn
The current will be the same at
any point of the series circuit.
I = IR1 = IR2
= IR3
The sum of the individual load
voltages equals the source voltage.
V = VR1 + VR2
+ VR3 + ........
Use of series
connection
1 Cells in torch light, car
batteries, etc.
2 Cluster of mini-lamps used for
decoration purposes.
3 Fuse in circuit.
4 Overload coil in motor
starters.
5 Multiplier resistance of a
voltmeter.
DC Parallel
Circuit: The
current has more than one paths and equal voltage in each branch is called
parallel circuit. Or If two or more resistance are connected in such a way that
all the entry ends are connected together at one junction and all the exit ends
are connected to another junctions. These two junctions are connected to supply
i.e. known as parallel connection.
The voltage across the parallel circuits the same
as the supply voltage.
V = V1 = V2
= V3.
The total current I in the
parallel circuit is the sum of the individual branch currents.
Mathematically it could be
expressed as I = I1 + I2 +I3 +..... In.
The reciprocal of the total
resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual branch
resistances.
1/R=1/ R1+1/R2+1/R3
Use of parallel
connection:
The electric system used in
homes, workshops, factories etc consists of many parallel circuits.
An automobile electric system
uses parallel circuits for lights, horn, motor, radio etc. Each of these
devices operates independent of the others.
Series
and parallel combination circuit
Comparison of characteristics of DC
series and parallel circuits
|
Sl. No. |
Series circuit |
Parallel circuit |
|
1 |
The sum of
voltage drops across the individual resistances
equals the applied voltage. V=V1+
V2+ V3 +V4……. Vn |
The
applied voltage is the same across each branch. V=
V1=V2=V3=V4=…… Vn |
|
2 |
The total resistance is equal the sum of the individual resistances that make up the circuit. Rt = R1+R2+R3+...
etc |
The reciprocal
of the total resistance equals to the sum of the reciprocal of the
resistances. 1/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3……….. |
|
3 |
Current is same in all parts of the circuits, resistance of each branch. I = I1
= I2 = I3………. |
The current divides in each branch according to the resistance of each branch. I = I1
+ I2+ I3……… |
|
4 |
 |
 |
Series and parallel combination circuit: when three or more then three resistor are join in such a way that the circuit has the characteristics of both the series as well as the parallel. This type of connection is known as series parallel connection.
V=
(V1= V2) + V3 I= I1 + I2=
I3
R= R1 / R2+ R3
Application
Series-parallel circuits can be
used to form a non-standard resistance value which is not available in the
market and can be used in the voltage divider circuits.
Voltage divider:
If
one wants to have different voltages for different parts of a circuit, he can
construct a voltage divider.
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