Rescue operations - First aid treatment

Module-1,Part-4:

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Emergency & Rescue Operation.
Firstaid Treatment & its aim.
ABC of firstaid.
Artificial Respiration & their Types

Emergency:

A serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.

Rescue operation:

1. When a person/victim comes in contact with a live circuit then, make sure that the electric current has been disconnected. If the victim is still in contact with the supply - break the contact either by switching off or by removing the plug or pulling the cable free.

2. If not, stand on some insulating material such as dry wood, rubber or plastic or newspaper and then pull his shirt sleeves. However, you have to insulate yourself and break the contact by pushing or pulling the person free.

First-aid treatment:

First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.

Key aims of first aid:

1. Preserve life: If the patient was breathing, a first aider would normally place them in the recovery position, with the patient leant over on their side, which also has the effect of clearing the tongue from the pharynx.

2. Prevent further harm: Also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, or danger of further injury, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.

3. Promote recovery: First aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury.

ABC of first aid:

ABC stands for Airway, Breathing and Circulation.

1. Airway: Attendant must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear. Obstruction (choking) is a life threatening emergency.

2. Breathing: Breathing if stops, the victim may die soon. Hence means of providing support for breathing is an important next steps.

3. Circulation: Blood circulation is vital to keep person alive. The first aiders now trained to go straight to chest compressions through CPR(Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)methods.

Artificial respiration:

Artificial respiration means stimulating or rhythmic forcing of air into and out of the lungs of a person whose breathing has stopped or provides a method of air exchange until natural breathing is established.

Types of Artificial respiration:

Mouth-to-mouth method:To perform this method of ventilation, clear the victim's mouth of

obstructions (false teeth and foreign matter), place one hand under the victim's neck and the heel of the other hand on the forehead, and, using the thumb and index finger, pinch the nostrils shut. Tilt the head back to open the airway. Take a deep breath, cover the victim's mouth with your own, and blow into the victim's mouth. Then remove your mouth from the victim's to allow the victim to exhale. Observe the victim's chest for movement. If the victim has not started to breathe normally, start artificial ventilation with four quick ventilation in succession, allowing the lungs to only partially inflate. If the victim still does not respond, then you must fully inflate the victim's lungs at the rate of 12 to 15 ventilation per minute,or one breath every 5 seconds.

Mouth-to-Nose method:This type ventilation is effective when the victim has extensive facial or dental injuries or is very young, as it permits an effective air seal.To apply this method, place the heel of one hand on the victim's forehead and use the other hand to lift the jaw. After sealing the victim's lips, take a deep breath, place your lips over the victim's nose, and blow. Observe the chest for movement and place your ear next to the victim's nose to listen for,or feel, air exchange. Again, you must continue your efforts at the rate of 12 to 15 ventilation per minute,or one breath every 5 seconds, until the victim can breathe without assistance.

Nelson’s arm-Lift back pressure method:This method is an alternate technique used when other methods are not possible. Place the victim on the stomach, face to one side, neck hypo-extended, with hands under the head. Quickly clear the mouth of any foreign matter. Kneel at the victim's head and place your hands on the victim's back so that the heels of the hands lie just below a line between the armpits, with thumbs touching and fingers extending downward and outward. Rock forward, keeping your arms straight, andexert pressure almost directly downward on the victim's back, forcing air out of the lungs. Then rock backward, releasing the pressure and grasping the arms just above the elbows. Continue to rock backward, pulling the arms upward and inward (toward the head) until resistance and tension in the victim's shoulders are noted. This expands the chest, causing active intake of air (inspiration). Rockforward and release the victim's arms. This causes passive exiting of air (expiration). Repeat the cycle of press, release, lift, and release 10 to 12 times a minute until the victim can breathe naturally.

ALSO READ:

Module-1, Part-1: Introductionto ITI Electrician Trade

Module-1, Part-2: Organizationof ITI’s-safety Rules-Safety Sign-Hazards

Module-1, Part-3: Fire-Types-Extinguisher

Module-1, Part-4: RescueOperation-First aid Treatment-Artificial Respiration

Module-1, Part-5: Guidelines for cleanness & maintenance-Standardization-5’S

Module-1, Part-6: Disposalof waste Material- PPE

MCQ ON MODULE-1:

Safety, safety Sign, Fire & fire extinguisher, First aid, PPE, standardization, 5’S, Disposal of waste material etc.